Women and Infertility

• Smoking affects the ovaries and damages the uterine wall reducing conception and implantation chances.
• Women who smoke and undergo in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment of infertility may not respond as well to hormone stimulation.
• Heavy smokers have a higher likelihood of having abnormal vaginal bleeding than nonsmokers.
• Women who smoke are prone to early menopause.
• In some women infertility can be reversed after smoking cessation.

Men and Infertility

• Smoking is linked to low sperm counts and sluggish sperm motility.
• Smoking can gradually and permanently damage all blood vessels, including those that carry blood to the penis. This can make it difficult to get or maintain an erection.
• Men who quit smoking often have fewer problems achieving a normal erection.